X_FLIGHT_RANDOM_UNINJECTED
Means
a shipped source file calls Math.random()
Typical cause
nothing downstream of it can be pinned by a test, which is why packages/ai/src/gateway.ts was the one retry engine of four with no test at all. A call, never a reference: random = Math.random as a default parameter is the injectable seam working correctly, and packages/core/src/backoff.ts does exactly that
Fix
take a random: () => number parameter defaulting to Math.random and call that instead